Projects

Bioactive & Bioresorbable Scaffolds

One area of research involves developing advanced biodegradable scaffolds that act as temporary frameworks to support new bone growth. Among various biomaterials, polycaprolactone (PCL), a biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer, has shown promise as a bone regeneration scaffold material and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical applications. In Singapore, first generation scaffolds comprising of 100% PCL, and second generation scaffolds comprising of 80% PCL and 20% tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are already in use in the clinics for cranial reconstruction and orthopaedic reconstruction, but these scaffolds may be less effective in large or complex jawbone defects due to multidirectional forces acting on the jaw and the presence of soft tissue growing into the bone defect and interfering with bone healing.

To address this challenge, NDRIS and A*STAR are collaborating to develop a new third-generation scaffold that combine: (i) magnesium, which stimulates bone formation, (ii) biological mediators, which attract and retain growth factors needed for healing, (iii) patient's own stem cells, harvested through minimally invasive procedures to promote bone regeneration. The goal is to create a scaffold that not only supports bone growth but actively encourages the body to restore damaged tissue. These new scaffolds are currently being evaluated in preclinical studies and would eventually be tested in patients. In addition to the development of third-generation scaffolds with A*STAR, NDRIS is also working with NTU researchers and our industrial partner Osteopore International to develop new fabrication methods and new composition of PCL-based scaffolds to improve the clinical outcomes of these scaffolds.

Biomaterials Inspired by Nature

Another exciting area of research focuses on creating materials that mimic the structure and function of natural tissues. Many materials used in regenerative medicine face a trade-off between strength and biological activity. Soft hydrogels can release helpful substances but lack durability, while stronger materials often provide limited biological benefits. To overcome this challenge, NDRIS researchers worked with NTU researchers to develop novel composite materials that combine ceramic particles with a small amount of hydrogel. The resulting material is both mechanically robust and biologically active. Features of these ceramic-hydrogel composites include: (i) controlled release of calcium ions that support tissue repair, (ii) mechanical properties similar to those found in natural tissues, (iii) excellent biocompatibility with bone-forming cells. 

These biomimetic materials may one day be used in dental restorations and regenerative treatments. For example, future fillings or repair materials could slowly release calcium to help strengthen and remineralise damaged teeth, potentially extending their lifespan.

Enhancing Dental Devices with Advanced Coatings

Beyond bone regeneration, NDRIS researchers are also looking into developing next-generation implants that can heal faster, last longer and reduce the risk of complications. Through a collaboration between NDCS, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Nanofilm Technologies International (NTI) via the NTI-NTU Corporate Laboratory, researchers are developing innovative nanocomposite coatings for dental implants. These ultra-thin coatings are engineered at the nanoscale and can significantly improve the performance of conventional implants.

The advanced coating technology offers several potential benefits, including (i) improved integration with surrounding bone and soft tissue, (ii) enhanced durability and strength, (iii) antimicrobial properties, and (iv) incorporation of elements promoting healing. While further research and clinical validation are still ongoing, these advanced implant coatings have the potential to shorten recovery times, reduce implant failures, and lower long-term treatment costs for patients.