This guide provides information about what to expect during your hospitalisation and when you return home following your spine surgery. As spine surgery affects each person differently, some of the information included in this guide may not be applicable specifically to your condition, so it is important for you to discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor or nurse.
Reasons for spine surgerySpine surgery may be recommended by your neurosurgeon to manage your condition and prevent it from getting worse. This could be for any of the following reasons:
Risks and complications of spine surgery
No surgery is without risk, even for a healthy person. Your surgeon will discuss the risks and complications with you. General complications:
Specific complications related to spine surgery:
Pre-preparation for surgery
Pre-Admission Counselling and Evaluation (PACE) clinic
Before any surgery, you will need to be assessed by an anaesthetist at the Pre-Admission Counselling and Evaluation (PACE) clinic. Please inform the anaesthetist if you have any medical illnesses or any of the following:
Most spinal surgery is done under general anaesthesia. This will be further discussed by the anaesthesiologists at the pre-admission clinic. Sometimes, the doctor at PACE clinic may refer you to other specialists to investigate/optimise your medical condition(s) before surgery. This can result in postponement of your surgery.
Day of admission/surgery
During surgery
You will receive medication(s) in the operating theatre to make you sleep unless your neurosurgeon has told you otherwise.
After you are asleep, one or more of these catheters/tubes may be inserted:
After Surgery
MonitoringYou will be monitored in the Intensive Care Unit, High Dependency ward, or general ward until all acute risks of infections and bleeding have passed. This will include frequent questions and requests to move your arms and legs to assess your limb strength and sensation. It is important for you to respond even if you think it is repetitive. Blood pressure level, pain level, temperature, blood sugar, oral intake and output may also be checked.
You may also be monitored closely for other potential complications as a result of decreased movement and presence of invasive tubes or catheters e.g. chest and urinary tract infections, deep vein thrombosis etc.
Catheters / tubes/ collarDepending on the type of spine condition, various tubes, drains and intravenous lines may be placed temporarily for a few days or longer after the surgery:
Investigations / TestsRepeat x-rays may be needed to assess the spine condition after surgery. Repeat blood tests may be performed to detect or correct any abnormalities if any.
DietYour healthcare team will advise you when you can start drinking and eating again. Most patients are able to eat after they are transferred to the ward. No special diet is usually needed after spine surgery, however, if your surgeon has operated through the front of your neck, you will likely need to eat soft food for the first few days. A normal well balanced diet is recommended for recovery. The use of painkillers often causes constipation. You may need to drink more water, increase fibre in your diet and take a stool softener or laxative. You will only be referred to a speech therapist for swallowing assessment if necessary.
Wound managementYour wound is covered with a dressing and will be changed when dirty or loose. Keep your wound clean and dry until the stitches have been removed. Do not apply any lotions, ointments or other products to your wound unless specifically instructed to do so by your doctor. Notify your doctor or nurse clinician if you notice any of the following:
Removal of stitches / Steri-strips /Prineo Some patients have stitches and others may have Steri-strips (thin plaster strips) or Prineo (clear, waterproof dressing) to close the wound. Stitches and Steri-strips need to be kept dry. Your surgeon will decide when your stitches or Steri-strips can be removed – this is normally about 10 to 14 days after surgery and will be done in the ward or outpatient clinic. Patients are allowed to shower after their stitches and Steri-strips have been removed. If you have a Prineo dressing, you will be advised when you are allowed to shower. Prineo dressings are usually removed 14 days after surgery at the outpatient clinic
Spine implants Spine implants include metal or synthetic plates, rods, wires, screws and devices that are designed to stabilise the spine. Therefore, implants are only used when the goal of surgery is to restrict excessive movement between two or more segments of the spine. If spine implants are used in your surgery, you may need to have x-rays and/or scans to check on their condition. Your surgical team will advise how often this needs to be done based on your condition and implant.Implants used in spine surgery may be detected by airport security checkpoints. You will receive an implant card after your operation which states that you have an implant. This card should be kept in your wallet and shown to security staff during airport security checks.Implants are usually safe for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, however you should always inform staff if you have such implants before going for an MRI scan and show them your implant card.
What to expect after surgery?PainSometimes, spine surgery cannot completely eliminate the pain experienced before the operation. Pain may persist for many reasons, for example:
Tell staff if you are suffering from pain. Taking painkillers as prescribed by your doctor will help manage the pain and you should need fewer painkillers as the wound heals.
TirednessMost people feel tired and need more rest than usual, but this will gradually improve. Even sitting up in the first few days after surgery may require more effort than you expect. Don’t be afraid to ask for help if you cannot do these tasks on your own. Most importantly, remember to “listen to your body” and take each step of the healing process at your own pace. As you begin to feel stronger you should gradually resume your previous activities, building up as you feel able. Try to avoid doing too much too soon.
Altered sleep patternsIt is not uncommon to find that your sleep patterns change after surgery, such as having difficulty falling asleep at night, or waking up often during the night. This will gradually return to normal. A portable music player with some soothing music may help you to relax.
Pain or numbness around the scar The scar will feel more sensitive generally and may feel itchy or have a sensation of pins and needles occasionally. The nerves that supply the sensation of the skin may be damaged during the surgery, making the area around and behind the scar to feel numb. Odd creeping sensation and sharp pains are also common.
Changes in sensationSurgery may not completely reverse injuries to spinal cord and nerves. Some patients feel numbness and weakness in their arms and legs which could improve over time.
MedicationsYou may be given some new medications for your condition after your spine surgery. You will receive instructions from the pharmacist explaining what, why and how you should take your medication upon discharge. It is important you know which drugs you will need to continue to take and the dosage. Check you have enough drugs till you see your doctor again. If you were taking blood thinning medication (e.g. warfarin, aspirin) before the spine surgery, your doctor will advise you when to re-start the medication after the operation.
Your recovery journey
Recovery and the benefits from spine surgery are different for each person and depend on various factors, including:
Patients who have significant medical problems before their surgery, may take longer to recover and their recovery can be unpredictable.
Some patients may have temporary or permanent problems after spine surgery, such as:
Recovery and rehabilitationAfter any surgery, it is not unusual, at first, to feel worse than you did before. This can be depressing if you are not prepared for it. Dizzy spells may also occur. These episodes can come and go and may be upsetting for you and your relatives.
The nurse and therapist will assist you in getting out of bed as soon as your condition allows. Early activity after surgery is extremely important to help prevent complications from decreased mobility, such as pressure sores, constipation and urine retention. It also promotes recovery and relieves muscle stiffness.
Rehabilitation can help you regain independence in your daily activities, such as walking, getting dressed, eating and bathing. This starts as soon as possible in the ward and can include physiotherapy, occupational therapy and/or speech therapy. Some patients may require longer rehabilitation and will be transferred to a community hospital. Once discharged from hospital or community hospital, patients may still require rehabilitation at outpatient clinics or at home.
When you return home after your surgery, you may need help with simple household tasks such as cooking and cleaning, looking after yourself, and travelling to the hospital for appointments.
Try to plan ahead and make arrangements with your family, so help is available when you return home from hospital. Knowing who will accompany you to your medical/physiotherapy appointments and assist you with bathing and cooking can help you to avoid some possibly difficult situations after your surgery. It will also make it easier for your family members to share the tasks and manage their time.
Recovery is a natural process and it takes time. Some patients see quick improvements at the start, but their progress slows down over time and continues at a very slow rate for years.
Family and friendsSupport from family and friends is very important for a person recovering from spine surgery. At times, adjustments may need to be made in the family depending on the person’s condition and progress. It is helpful to maintain a realistic and positive attitude towards recovery and rehabilitation and make plans for the short and long-term care of the person in consultation with the healthcare team.
The family should appoint one or two people to be the family spokesperson. They should be the key point of contact for the Doctor and healthcare team and pass information on to other members of the family to ensure consistency of information. This helps to avoid misunderstandings that can arise if there are many different people asking questions.
Preparation for homeWe will discuss plans for continuing your recovery at home. These include if you need help with activities of daily living or other similar issues. We will provide information and training to your carer if you require assistance or special equipment upon discharge. To ensure a smooth transition to your discharge destination, we will assist you by mobilising community resources and making referrals for follow-up therapy if needed.
Research StudiesYour doctor may discuss the feasibility of you participating in some research studies. Before conducting medical research involving people, medical staff are required to obtain the written consent of the patient or their legal representative to participate in the research project. The doctor will explain the purpose of the study to you, including any hoped-for-benefits or potential side effects.
If you agree to take part, you will be asked to sign a consent form. After giving your written consent, you can still choose to refuse to participate or to opt out at any point during the research project. Your decision not to participate will not affect the care you receive. Some of research studies require follow-up appointments at the clinic or telephone calls to check on your progress.
Recovering at home
Follow-up studies / visitsYour first follow-up appointment will be scheduled 2 to 8 weeks after you are discharged from hospital. This will include consultations with the neurosurgeon as well as spinal assessments and wound reviews with specialist nurses. Histology findings (test results), further surgery if needed or any additional treatment such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy in cases of spine cancer may be discussed in the outpatient clinic. Further follow-up appointments will be planned according to your condition and recovery.
LeaveYou will usually be given hospitalisation leave to recover at home. The duration of your leave will depend on the type of surgery you had and your recovery progress.
ActivityRestrictionsFor the first 4 to 8 weeks after surgery:
Some contact sports are best avoided after neck surgery – your doctor will advise.
Neck collar or Neck and back braceIf you wore a collar or brace while in hospital, you should continue to wear it when you get home. During your outpatient clinic visit, your surgeon will advise you when you can stop wearing the collar or brace.
DrivingDepending on your condition, your neurosurgeon may advise you to stop driving permanently or temporarily if you continue to have weakness and numbness of your limbs. Your doctor will advise if/when you can start driving again. You should not drive if you wear a neck collar or neck and back brace because you are unable to turn your head to check for on-coming traffic/pedestrians and blind spots.
Sexual activities You may like to discuss this with your doctor.
Air travelPlease seek advice from your neurosurgeon.
Return to work/schoolThe type of work you do and the demands of your job, as well as your recovery will determine when you are able to return to work. Your doctor will discuss this with you during your follow-up appointment.
Rest, proper nutrition and a positive attitude will promote healing, but recovery does take time and patience. Recovering after surgery may be a challenging experience. You and your family may find talking to someone or attending a support group helpful. If you would like contact details of associations, organisations and support groups, please ask your nurse.
When to seek medical attention?Call your doctor or nurse or go to the nearest hospital if you experience new or worsening symptoms:
YOUR HEALTHCARE TEAMOur doctors, nurses and other members of the healthcare team will guide you and your family members during your road of recovery. If you have any questions, concerns or comments, please feel free to contact us.
For Surgery & Wound related matters 6357 7545 (Neurosurgery Nurse)Monday to Friday (excluding Public Holiday), 8.00am to 5.30pm
For appointment and other related matters 6330 6363 (Neuroscience Clinic)Monday to Wednesday, Friday: 8.00am to 5.30pmThursday: 8.00am to 5.00pm Saturday, Sunday, Public Holidays: Closed
National Neuroscience Institute11 Jalan Tan Tock SengSingapore 308433Main Fax: 6357 7016Appointment Line: 6330 6363
Website : www.nni.com.sg Email : [email protected]
NOTE: This brochure is given as a guide only and does not replace professional advice and care from your doctor. You should seek the advice of your doctor before starting any treatment or if you have any questions related to your health, physical fitness or medical condition.
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